Kaija Poysti's Entries

February 14, 2008

Multilingual Social Media

I keep being fascinated about the role of language in social media. I read a very interesting article on multilingual social bookmarking in the Just Landed web site. English is extremely dominant in social bookmarking, although a lot of the English sites also contain bookmarks to non-English sites. Among the non-English sites, German dominates. I also noticed that there are multilingual Indian social bookmarking sites which include several Indian languages.

Is social media actually compartmentalized by languages? Christian Kreutz has an excellent entry in his blog about the multilingual social web. As he says: "So it is a dilemma. On one way English allows us to communicate worldwide, but at the same time it narrows down the potential for collaboration by simply contradicting cultural diversity."

I would guess that more social and customer-generated media will eventually mean more machine translation, because it would be nice to share thoughts over the language barrier. Or I might be quite wrong, and most of the discussions and social sites will actually be quite local, shared by people who already share a language. Language is, after all, more than words: it is also culture and connotations and nuances, some of which are impossible to translate.

It would be interesting to hear from the MT community: do you see increased demand from social media sites?

January 23, 2008

Shared User Manuals?

Most of us have probably encountered user guides and manuals where we would have wanted to add some clarifying points. Even more so when the manual has been translated, sometimes less than accurately (that happens).

Now here is a thought: what if a product manufacturer would put the manual on the Web in a wiki format? That way, the end users could revise the text from the actual end user point of view. Then, an experienced technical writer, editor, or translator would edit the input to produce the "final" version or print, although the process could even be continuous. The result could be a better manual and the manufacturer would get yet another contact point to customers.

A similar model is already used, e.g., in newspapers where readers can enter news through their own blogs, and editors then pick and edit the pieces to be included in the paper. So why not at least experiment with some consumer product manuals? After all, Web 2.0 is a great place to try out new ideas!

January 17, 2008

The Social Language

Although it is already mid-January, I would still like to wish everyone a very good 2008! It definitely looks to be an interesting year.

Back to blogging, after a very long pause. The reason was my major geographical transition: after 8 very nice years in Boston, we returned to the bi-lingual Finland and the very multi-lingual European union last autumn. The time required for a trans-Atlantic move is not to be underestimated!

Leonor's interview with Director General Lonnroth about the languages in the EU is an excellent description of the world on this side of the Atlantic. On a very personal note, I love tuning to YLE Mondo radio every time I am driving; a local station broadcasting news from several different countries. I even get the NPR! I listen to German, French, Spanish, and Italian news, and at the same time notice the differences there are not just in the language, but also in the content. Even more fun is to listen to news from Australia and South Africa, which really change the world perspective. A good reminder that from Africa or Australia, many things do look different than from the US or from Europe. How lovely it would be to understand what they say in Chinese, Japanese or Arabic, to name just a few languages!

Anyways, things are finally starting to find their places in their new home, so I am back to blogging. We had a wonderful Gilbane conference in Boston at the end of November; it got so many ideas going in my head, especially about the social aspects of content, search, collaboration - and of course language. The question "Where are languages in social media" was asked in the conference, and the first answer was on the lines of: gee, that is a tough thing to solve. True - and yet I am convinced that we will begin to see very new types of tools and solutions. It was interesting to note that several examples were given on how in corporations social media enabled people find a language speaker inside the organization. "Through our collaboration tool, we found someone who speaks Japanes and can check our translations." "We realized someone in our German office could translate the materials we needed." Language skills become yet another skill to be shared in communities.

Another interesting point was that MT and its usefulness came up. With the amount of user-generated information exploding, there is no chance to human-translate everything. Could this be the real coming of age of MT?

I spoke with one multilingual service provider who said that they have started receiving requests for checking user-generated content in corporate community sites. Interesting. I would guess that need for automated checking of "bad words" increases as more content on corporate sites comes not from employees but from anyone in the web. Enterprise searches have to be multilingual, but there is always room to improve.

As Leonor pointed out: collaboration yields knowledge. That knowledge is multilingual.

August 16, 2007

New Solutions for a Multilingual World

I have said this many times before, and will say again: the world is multilingual, and more and more people are working daily in a multilingual environment. In companies, this multilingual environment is not only about translation, but about working with customers and colleagues whose native language is different from one's own. That can lead to a lot of miscommunication, and I think that nobody has even started to measure the real costs or missed sales arising from it.

Communication starts with terminology, and that is where I see a lot of needs (and opportunities) for new solutions. Corporate terminology - "that which we call a widget by any other name goes in other companies" - is something that I think benefits from active input from corporate experts. Wikis seem an interesting way to enhance corporate communication, so I emailed with Greg Lloyd, CEO of Traction Software to ask whether he has seen wikis used for handling multilingual issues. He can be reached at grl@tractionsoftware.com.

Traction Software has been in the corporate blog/wiki business since July 2002, and has 250+ corporate customers. According to Greg, Traction's TeamPage is best described in terms of Doug Engelbart's NLS/Augment model, re-imagined for the Web (more at Traction Roots | Doug Engelbart.

KP: Do your customers use wikis to handle multilingual issues, such as terminology?

GL: We have an international pharma customer who wanted to provide an interactive online glossary of terms that have specialized meanings. For example, in writing a new drug application, many terms have specialized meanings and interpretations dictated by regulatory authorities in the U.S., Europe and other regions.

At this customer, glossary definitions are usually written by people with specialized experience in new drug applications and similar filings, but the glossaries are intended for working reference by everyone in the company - not limited to those who deliver translations. The company has offices around the world, but most working communication is in English or French. A majority of employees have very good reading knowledge of both languages, but aren't necessarily aware of some specialized meanings and interpretations - including those which change as new regulations are issued.

We developed a "Glossary skin" to address this need. The Glossary skin is a Traction "skin" or UI presentation layer that in this case, provides a specialized and simplified Glossary view of the underling blog/wiki data stored in the TeamPage Journal. It gives the users versatile tools for handling terminology, such as looking up glossary terms, term definitions, guidance on how to use the term, and the possibility to comment a term or ask questions about it. All terms are in both English and French. Changes and additions can be tracked with standard blog/wiki features, and the users can also subscribe to RSS/Atom feeds on updates. These are just a few of the functionalities of the solution.

KP: Do the wiki glossaries integrate with other glossaries or localization tools, such as translation memories?

GL: For the Glossary Wiki there are no special translator tools built in. I believe that general purpose translation tools will likely best be loosely-coupled mashup style. I haven't seen requests for industry specific glossaries from customers, but I think there may be a business opportunity.

KP: What kind of feedback have you received from your customer? Have there been requests for special functionalities?

GL: The pharma customer is very happy with the result, which is used company-wide. We've also demonstrated the Glossary skin to customers in Japan and other countries. Several have expressed interest and are piloting use of the Glossary skin, primarily for developing and delivering specialized glossaries for internal working communication as well as translating deliverables.

The ability for global enterprises to create interactive Glossaries for working communication among employees, suppliers and other stakeholders seems to be getting the most interest. Many global companies use English as a standard for internal communication, but the ability to add comments or questions in other languages is a big plus. The ability to create and delivery interactive Web glossaries in Japanese, Chinese, Arabic, Hebrew, etc. as well as European and other Asian languages is also very useful.

Traction uses UTF-8 Unicode to store, search and deliver content written in any combination of European and Asian alphabets in any blog/wiki space (or in the same page), so a multi-lingual global glossary is easy to deliver and can be simple to author using the standard Web browser interface.

KP: What have been the biggest advantages your customers have received from using a wiki to create a glossary, instead of using a specialized terminology management tool?

GL: The biggest advantages are: 1) Simple access using a Web browser, particularly when the wiki has specialized skin to make the Glossary application work with no training; 2) Simple group editing and history using the the wiki edit model; 3) Simple integration of comments and feedback; 4) Simple, scalable and secure deployment corporate-wide.

KP: Corporate wikis seem to be an interesting way to share information and expertise. Do you see them also being used for translation work?

GL: Yes, I can certainly see how the Glossary skin could be extended to support other wiki per-page translation models. At present the Glossary skin implementation is available to TeamPage customers as a Traction Skin Definition Language (SDL) plug-in. We'll be packaging it along with its SDL source code as a free plug-in example later this summer. We'll work with customers and partners to determine how to best provide translation wiki's powered by Traction TeamPage.

August 2, 2007

Multilingual Communication: The Spoken Word

In a global economy, corporate employees increasingly need to communicate in foreign languages, whether in sales, internal meetings, customer support etc. I spoke with Janne Nevasuo, CEO of AAC Global, one of the relatively few localization and translation companies which also offers language, culture and communications skills training. A year ago it was acquired by Sanoma-WSOY, a major stock-listed European media corporation with operations in over 20 countries.

KP: How long have you been in the language training business?

JN: We started with language training already 38 years ago, so we have a very long experience. We offer language training services only to corporate customers, and currently train about 20,000 people every year. For the past 20 years, our language training business has been growing about 15% annually.

KP: So you started with training, and moved to translation later?

JN: Yes, we added translation and localization services, as our corporate training customers started to ask for help in translations. As we have always focused only on corporate customers, it was a very natural growth path for us, helping our customers to handle all their multilingual needs.

KP: What are the main languages you give training for?

JN: English is by far the biggest language, and has been that for practically all the time we have been in business. About 70% of our training is on corporate English, as English is the “universal second language” in business. Demand for Russian is growing continuously.

KP: That is interesting, as so many people now speak English and learn it at school!

JN: That is just the point: school English is not enough for corporate use. Companies need to get their message through to their customers, employees, and partners in several different situations: presentations, meetings, negotiations etc. One can only imagine both the direct and indirect losses accruing from miscommunications and misunderstandings, when people cannot communicate efficiently in English.

KP: So which do you see as the biggest trends in language training?

JN: First of all, corporate language training is actually “substance training”, i.e. training employees about the company’s product or service in a foreign language, and about handling different situations, such as negotiations or presentations, in a foreign language. So corporate language training is rather far removed from language learning at schools; we focus on the substance, key terminology and message.

Another important trend is that language training needs to become part of everyday work and daily processes. The learning should happen without the student actually realizing that he or she is learning, and it should happen during the actual work, using actual materials and doing actual tasks. Nobody has time to go to even a one-day separate course.

New technologies are brining us more efficient solutions for this, such as the extensive terminology tools AAC Global offers. I would like to point out, though, that this does not mean only teach-yourself language learning, as it does not work for everybody. Innovative solutions combining self-paced and tutored learning are needed.

KP: Is language training bought only by big companies?

JN: Certainly not. Companies of all sizes need to communicate in foreign languages, so we serve companies from small to huge global companies. A very important thing to understand is this: nowadays more and more employees in a company need to communicate in a foreign language, regardless of their task. 10 years ago there were a few designated people in the company, typically in the export department, who needed to speak another language. Now practically everyone needs a foreign language, whether in sales, support, business intelligence, marketing… and also when communicating with the company’s own people and partners in other countries.

According to research we have done, people spend up to 1 hour per day looking for the right term or doing a translation. There is thus a lot of room for efficiencies in daily work processes to help people become more multilingual. Actually in large corporations, language training is also part of their HR process, so that the HR department participates in getting just the right kind of language training to each employee.

KP: In previous blog entries, Leonor and Mary talked about the emerging markets. How do you see them?

JN: We have worked especially with Russia and the former Eastern bloc countries. The need for training corporate English is enormous there; typically the companies there have a few people who are fluent in corporate English, but then there is a large gap. Many young people have studied English at school, but still need training in corporate practices and terminologies. Still, these are the same needs as in all other countries.


July 20, 2007

More on EU Language Requirements

A quick addition to my previous entry about the language requirements inside the European Union: New Approach Standardization site gives a list on EU directives for 22 product types at http://www.newapproach.org/Directives/DirectiveList.asp. Omnilingua has made a good summary on the language requirements of these directives at http://www.omnilingua.com/resourcecenter/eulang.aspx, although their list contains only 18 product categories.

Having a look at one of the directives, such as http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:31989L0106:EN:NOT, also gives you an idea about the amount of translation work that happens inside the EU. All the directives have to be available in all EU languages, which keeps translators busy. It could also give the Europeans an advantage in developing solutions e.g. for multilingual content management.

Still, the thought of the US being a monolingual country needs to be revised, too. Spanish has become the second language in the US, with practically all the big companies offering customer service and printed materials also in Spanish. Once a company needs to offer even just one additional language, it will need solutions for handling multilinguality. It is also good to remember that a big part of multilinguality is verbal communication, which requires multilingual personnel. This will create interesting requirements for language teaching both at schools and at work. More on that later.

July 14, 2007

Required EU Languages

In her entry on brand management, Leonor gave a link to the 4000+ languages of the world, all of which have speakers buying things and thus being prospective consumers. The largest language groups are obviously interesting for all companies, but sometimes even small languages are worth noticing.

I recently spent a few days in Reykjavik, which is an interesting city. Iceland, with its 300,000 people speaking Icelandic, is number #13 in the GDP per capita list of CIA Worldbook https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/2004rank.html. Reykjavik was definitely showing the its high position in the GDP list, with its very nice restaurants and fashion and jewelry boutiques. All the young and middle-age people seemed to speak very good English (much like in my home country Finland), and all information was available also in English. But everything was also written in Icelandic – of course.

So, even a small amount of native speakers can be a good reason for translation, if those natives are affluent. Or who knows? Maybe after a few decades everyone in Iceland is happy to receive all their information in English? I would not bet on that, however.

As regards to the European Union, it has legislated what must be translated if you want to sell your goods and services to an EU country. Here are some links for more information:

http://europa.eu/scadplus/leg/en/lvb/l32036.htm is the European Union site which gives a summary on the EU legislation. To get some of the legalese in a more comprehensible text, you can have a look at the summary put together by the Australians at http://www.export61.com/export-tutorials.asp?ttl=eteu. And Sophie Hurst of SDL has put together a good summary at http://www.sdl.com/printer-friendly/localization-information/white-papers-articles/white-papers-list/white-papers-europe-legal.htm.

To summarize all these summaries: if you want to sell your product in the EU, always translate consumer information, such as user manuals, labels etc., into the local EU language.

As a final note: My sister in Finland had just bought a new dishwasher. It came with a bunch of manuals in different EU languages. Although ecologically it seemed a waste of paper, that is what one gets in EU now from big manufacturers. It seems to be cheaper to deliver manuals in several EU languages to consumers, instead of sending just one printed manual in the correct language. A good process in logistics might change that...


June 16, 2007

The Social Language

With Web 2.0, companies can have increasingly extensive dialogues with their customers. Customers can also talk about the company and its products among themselves, whether the company likes the discussions or not. A growing number of solutions is available for blog monitoring and analysis from companies like Nielsen Buzzmetrics and Umbria.

It will be interesting to see how these solutions will handle the language issue. As social networks will provide new types of business intelligence (see this PC World article for some examples and tips from Umbria) companies need to be able to monitor blogs and discussions in several languages, and then bring the information and insights to their employees and partners in several countries. This will need a lot of automated multilingual searches and translations, as the amount of blogs and conversations to follow is huge.

Or perhaps I am wrong; perhaps English will take over, and companies only need to monitor blogs and discussions in English. Hmm... I would, however, place my bets on solutions that can also monitor Spanish, Chinese, German, etc., discussions. Actually, if I was entering a new geographical market, I would certainly want to monitor the discussions in the language of that market.

June 7, 2007

Quality into Processes

Just a short entry to add to my previous thoughts on translation quality. As national members of the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) are implementing the EN-15038 standard for translation quality, the following two articles provide good background reading:

Juan José Arevalillo Doval describes the history behind the standard in http://www.translationdirectory.com/article472.htm.

In http://www.lisa.org/globalizationinsider/2005/03/quality_from_th.html, Alan Melby describes how quality should be built from the ground up.

As these articles point out, quality should be built into the processes which are used in producing translations. If the translation process has high quality, the end product (the translation) will also have high quality. And with high quality I mean meeting the customer's expectations, not some absolute high quality.

Customers do have very different assumptions about the quality they expect to receive. Finding out what those assumptions are, and creating a solution to meet them in a way that allows also the translation vendor to stay in business is essential both for customers and for vendors.

May 29, 2007

Cost of Quality

To continue my previous entry on quality: what, after all, is the cost of quality? When I was a localization service vendor, customers always emphasized the great importance of good translation quality - and yet most sales negotiations always boiled down to "What is your lowest price per word?"

Finally, a few customers actually measured ALL their translation-related costs, including the hours they themselves spent on checking and re-checking the translations they received. That, of course, should be the real cost to be used when comparing vendors, not just the price per word or per hour.

Getting the translation right the first time improves quality and reduces cost through less iterations needed for checking and re-checking. But getting it right the first time also requires good translators who know the subject matter and the required style, good background materials, terminology lists, style guides etc. - also called preparation, a step often overlooked due to great urgency of having the translation done asap. "There is never enough time to do the thing right, but there is always enough time to do it again." Ah well.

Getting it right the first time naturally also requires my favorite, favorite topic: a well-defined PROCESS. Something I will keep returning to in this blog...

May 23, 2007

In Search for that Elusive Quality

Quality is such a fun topic to discuss. Good quality - and bad - is instantly recognizable, but difficult to define. I bet that everybody who has been involved in a translation project, either as a customer or as a vendor, has had discussions about translation quality: how many mistakes there were, what was a mistake and what was just a difference of opinion, what related materials and terminology lists were given beforehand, and so on.

Quality issues can be very frustrating to both customers and vendors, and they definitely affect the profit margins of both. It would be great to have a clear-cut definition of a good translation, a "six-sigma of language". The problem is that quality is very much about perception. Yes, there are the typos and grammatical errors, which are easy to define and to spot. But then there is style, and the question of whether the intended message was conveyed or "lost in translation", like Bill Murray in Tokyo. And that is where the slippery slope begins.

Eventually good quality means that the target audience received the message its provider intended it to receive. In the translation industry, this also includes that the correct message was received in time and within the translation budget.

LISA has done a major effort to establish a QA model which is described on http://www.lisa.org/products/qamodel/. The LISA QA model helps to quantify some of the quality issues, and gives a tool which customers and vendors can share in their discussions. Most importantly, it has been developed in co-operation by end users, software and hardware developers, and localization vendors, so it accumulates their joint experience.

One can, however, quantify only so many qualitative issues. The rest - the more elusive "perceived issues" - tend to fall under customer relationship management.

April 27, 2007

The Importance of Process

I wanted to continue my previous entry on the uses of machine translation. I spoke with Walter Hartmann, who has a long experience on MT. According to Walter, the idea of so-called “post-editable MT”, where the first translation is produced by machine and then edited by a human translator, faded quite much around 2001. This method is still used, as indicated by the continuous use of e.g. Personal Translator, PROMT, Systran, Tradissimo etc.

What seems to be increasing is the growing integration of TM and MT. In this approach, the texts to be translated are first run against TMs or translation memories for full or almost full matches, and then the rest is translated by MT, using a special dictionary which contains the special terms in the text. Even some of PC-based programs are integrating TM to a certain extent, and can be used with translation memories from TM.

This integrated approach definitely brings efficiencies and improves consistency through automation. Naturally, the better the original text, the better the translation – but that is actually true also for human translation, which does not eliminate the GIGO principle (garbage in, garbage out). Especially if you are palnning to have a text translated into multiple languages, it is a very good idea to pre-edit the text before sending it to translation.

It all brings us back to the importance of PROCESS, something Leonor has spoken so many times about, and which I absolutely agree on. Translation is not a separate task, it is part of the content management process. Managing multilingual content requires a well-designed process, otherwise you will end up in a costly chaos, from which even the best translators cannot save you!

PS. According to Walter, although it has been a while since the last update, the 12th edition of the Compendium of Translation Software http://www.eamt.org/compendium.html still has the most complete listing of MT programs available.

April 17, 2007

Machine Translation in Automated Workflow

Machine Translation (MT) was supposed to be the great solution for our translation needs. But how big a role does it have in the current translation industry? As far as I can see, in producing translations MT still has a very small role in the automated translation workflow, which relies much more on translation memories (TMs). But when we move to reading texts in foreign languages, such as web pages, MT has a much bigger role. The "Translate this" button provided by Google and many other search engines has a lot of users.

So at least for now MT is used primarily for getting a gist translation of a web site or a document. In producing a translation to be published, TMs and human translators still rule - perhaps with the exception of very strictly regulated or simplified texts which can be translated correctly enough by machine.

The reason is simple: the result from MT is still mostly so bad that a human translator can produce a full translation faster than what it would take to edit a machine-translated text.

Having said that, I do believe that major changes in MT are about to happen. I refer to speech recognition. In around year 2000, companies tried to build a Hal, which would understand not only what you said, but what you meant. Well, I have known my husband for almost 30 years, and I still do not always understand what he means, so that would have been a tall order indeed. Now, however, we have excellent applications based on recognizing a limited vocabulary - think of the times you have called an 800 number and talked to a machine which has understood you quite well.

MT will find more and more uses also in producing translations, when it will limit itself to a certain topic which it handles well, and combine efficiently with TMs. For gist translations, when one wants to understand e.g. the idea on a web page, MT is already quite useful.

March 5, 2007

The question of culture

I recently spoke about language needs with a person who works in a multinational company. She mentioned that although English was the official corporate language, and all employees in different countries spoke it, issues arose when non-native speakers communicated with each other. The problem was not with special terminology, which everyone knew well, but rather with an incorrect tone of the message.

My native Finnish is a good example of a language which is quite different from e.g. Latin languages. We use a lot of the passive tone, and rather straightforward sentences, with little or no flourishes. When "translated" literally e.g. into English, the message can sound curt or commanding, due to lack of words like "please", "I would like to..." etc. A Finn could happily say "I want a steak" in a restaurant, without thinking that it sounds different from "Could I have a steak, please". On the other hand, a Finn would find a typical US user manual with its extremely exact instructions almost offensive to his or her intelligence.

A translator or an interpreter knows such cultural differences and takes them into account. But an increasing number of people communicates daily with each other in a non-native language. (All the worse when the communication is done mainly via email, where short sentences, typos and too many recipients on the cc: line add to the problem!) Knowing the special terminology is essential, but not enough. This also means that companies need to think about testing the language skills of their employees, and about giving them language and cultural training. After all, a satisfied customer would expect to hear not just the right words, but the right message.

March 2, 2007

Consolidation of translation market

As I said a few entries earlier, there are many estimates of the size of the translation market. EUATC, the European Union of Associations of Translation Companies, has published an interesting paper about the market size and growth at http://www.euatc.org/conferences/pdfs/2006/Boucau_FactsAndFigures.pdf.

The study points out that the translation market is going towards more consolidation, i.e. the bigger agencies are gaining more market share and growing faster than the 5% of the overall translation market. Then again, there is still a lot to consolidate: according to EUATC, about 3,000 translation companies manage 25% of the market, whereas about 200,000 free-lancers take care of 75% of the market, worth over $9bn.

As companies begin to see the importance of multilingual communication, instead of looking at translation only as a cost, they will need more complex and extensive services. At the same time they will still require a lot of individual skills. Managing a high level of personalized service to companies operating in several geographical locations is going to be an interesting skill in itself.

February 17, 2007

Blogging languages

In my previous entry I wrote about the effect of working in a foreign language. I think that we will see interesting developments in tools and services targeted to people who need to work in a language other than their native language - simply because this is a rapidly growing group. Obviously there are more and more non-native English speakers using English daily at work. But as European call centers relocate to Poland and the Czech Republic, we will also see more people using German as their second language.

An interesting question is: what will happen in China and India? According to Wikipedia, India has 23 official languages (one of them is English), 800 spoken languages and 2000 dialects. In China, there are 6 to 12 main regional groups of Chinese, according to classification. A friend of mine said that China could choose English as their official langauge, just like in India. I am not quite so sure. With about 800 million Mandarin speakers, maybe we will all be learning Mandarin in the future.

Anyways, I checked the most popular blogs from Technorati, http://technorati.com/pop/blogs/. The top 30 "most linked to" blogs included 8 blogs in a language other than English. To me, this is just a reminder that there is a world outside English.

February 8, 2007

Is language an issue?

In my previous entry I said that I think multilinguality should be a strategic issue for companies. When companies operate globally, they should think about the impact of languages on customer satisfaction, internal efficiency, increased sales, feedback from product support to prodct development etc., instead of just looking at translation costs.

For compliance alone, language can have a huge effect. What if your Chinese subcontractor did not understand your English instructions properly, and made a serious mistake? Who is responsible? How do you ensure or measure the language understanding level of your subcontractors or employees in other countries?

I would like to welcome comments on this issue. Is it enough to say "Our corporate language is English" and that takes care of it? Does the personnel all over the world speak English so well that this is a non-issue? Do non-native English speakers spend more time reading and writing in English, and would it be easier using one's own language?

I know several Finns who say they prefer to read everything in their special field in English, as that is the language in which they have learned their speciality. Is this the norm, or would working in own language be preferable? (When talking about working, I mean both writing and reading in a language.)

February 5, 2007

What size the market?

How big is the language market? The most common answer is: we can't tell. The difficulty arises from deciding what to include in the market. Outsourced translation? Language schools? Translations done inhouse (of which there is typically very little measured data)?

Common Sense Advisory http://www.commonsenseadvisory.com/ gives a good analysis on the size of the localization market. Their estimate for the global outsourced localization and translation market is $9 billion, reaching $12 billion by 2010. They also point out that this is about the size of the global bicycle market, which puts things into perspective.

My thinking is: multilinguality has much more impact than that. Do not get me wrong: I am all for bicycles. I am also convinced that there is a huge need in the global market for more solutions to handle the growing multilingual needs. The trouble is that companies still often see languages as an afterthought and as a cost, not as a way to increase sales, customer satisfaction, internal efficiency etc. Multilinguality has not reached the strategic level it should have - but we may be getting there!

January 31, 2007

Fully Automatic Useful Translation

I really liked this term I saw at TAUS, the Translation Automation User Society http://www.translationautomation.com/index.php. Putting the emphasis on the word "useful" is what discussions on machine translation (MT) has needed.

OK, we all know examples of MT shortcomings. My very old favourite is the MT system which translated the biblical sentence "The flesh is weak but the sprit lasts" into Russian as "The steak is rotten but the vodka is good" on the days before Glasnost. Machine translation is not perfect - but it can be very, very useful. Allowing me to understand what a Chinese web site is about without knowing a single character of Chinese is very useful indeed, especially when I am doing market research on China.

The fact is, there is not enough time - and definitely not enough money - to do human translation on even a fraction of the information that is being produced. So, if MT helps people to become aware of your message, it certainly should be considered as a tool, even if the result is not perfect. Useful is often enough.

Besides, there are quite a lot of MT systems available, both free and commercial ones, more than many might imagine. Several of them already do a good job on a specific topic, and can be improved further with special terminology. The Translation Guide at http://mason.gmu.edu/~aross2/ lists over 520 links to MT systems in 56 languages - sadly, the page has last been updated in 2003. Wikipedia offers a shorter, but more current list at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Machine_Translation_software. And for one great resource on MT issues, see Jeff Allen's site at http://www.geocities.com/jeffallenpubs/thematic.htm.

January 17, 2007

Arrival of the Chief Globalization Officer

Just a short note: In December Cisco appointed Wim Elfrink as its Chief Globalization Officer http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/2006/ts_120606.html. This certainly brings additional emphasis to globalization in corporations, and will probably result in more CGOs being appointed.

In Cisco's case the CGO came from Cisco's Customer Advocacy group. According to Elfrink, with the new globalization center "we will be able to best serve our customers by creating new ways to deliver information, products and services". Creating and managing content in local languages forms a big part of serving global customers better.